CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PALM OIL SOLD IN MAJOR MARKETS IN ABAKALIKI TOWN, SOUTH EAST NIGERIA, EBONYI STATE.

The investigation of the chemical properties of palm oil is crucial for understanding its quality, stability and potential application. This study examined the chemical composition of palm oil sold in the four major markets in Abakaliki town using standard analytical procedures. A total of twenty oil samples were examined, i.e. five oil samples from each market. The range of the values obtained are: Refractive Index (1.4647 ± 0.00 - 1.4657 ± 0.00), viscosity (40.11± 0.41 – 59.60 ± 0.01), acid value (13.39 ± 0.04 – 20.54 ± 0.41), saponification value (220.20 ± 1.07 – 223.92 ± 0.78), iodine value (28.89 ±1.03 – 33.9 ± 0.96 Wij), peroxide value (4.18 ± 0.07 - 6.12 ± 0.09 meq/kg) and moisture content 0.30 ± 0.00 - 0.33 ± 0.02%). The characteristics of the oil samples studied in most cases exceeded the FAO/WHO (CODEX Alimentarius) values, suggesting possible adulteration, contamination or improper storage. Some of the observed values were significantly different at p<0.05. The study recommended the adoption of effective monitoring systems and strict hygienic practices throughout the production chain to ensure the production of high-quality oil.