Pubertal hypothalamic dysfunction: epidemiology, risk factors, features of the clinical course and consequences of pathology in adults

Background. Pubertal hypothalamic dysfunction is a common endocrine metabolic disease that accompanies the formation of sexual function, becomes a background or cause for the development of somatic pathology with consequences in adulthood. Aim: to study the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features of hypothalamic dysfunction and consequences of this pathology in adults. Materials and methods. We analyzed 701 scientific papers in Latin script according to the PubMed scientometric search engine and 82 sources in Cyrillic over the past 10 years. A retrospective analysis of medical records and treatment outcomes of adolescents (n = 130; 88 (67.7 %) boys and 42 (32.3 %) girls, mean age 15.10 ± 1.03 years) with pubertal hypothalamic dysfunction was performed. The consequences of pubertal hypothalamic dysfunction were stu­died in adult patients (n = 40 patients: 28 (70.0 %) men and 12 (30.0 %) women, mean age 18.10 ± 0.03 years) who received medical care at the clinical bases of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University from January 2014 to December 2024. Results. Among the risk factors for hypothalamic pubertal syndrome in children of the Carpathian region, stress (90.0 %) and chronic infections of the ear, nose, and throat (83.0 %) prevail. The most common clinical forms of the disease are vegetative-vascular (32.0 %) and mixed (44.0 %). The main symptoms include: headache (100.0 %), overweight (98.0 %) and dizziness (95.0 %). In patients over the age of 18, prognostically unfavorable factors were identified, including eating disorders, in particular, night eating syndrome (20.0 %), accompanied by overweight (12.5 %) or obesity (87.5 %), as well as carbohydrate metabolism disorders (prediabetes in 7.5 % of subjects, type 2 diabetes in 5.0 %). A particular danger is the development of morbid obesity, which was found in 30.0 % of adult patients with hypothalamic dysfunction. Conclusions. A personalized approach to the early diagnosis and management of patients with hypothalamic dysfunction allows to improve therapeutic algorithms and increase the effectiveness of treatment of comorbid pathology in young patients.