Hubungan antara Faktor Risiko dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia Berat

Abstract: Severe preeclampsia is a complication that occurs in pregnancy as well as childbirth, and is an advanced condition of preeclampsia that is not treated appropriately. Preeclampsia usually occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy and is characterized by increased blood pressure and proteinuria. This study aimed to determine the relationship between risk factors including age, parity, education, number of antenatal care (ANC), history of preeclampsia, and history of hypertension with the incidence of severe preeclampsia. This was an analytical and observational with a cross sectional design. Samples were all maternity mothers who were treated and had complete medical record data at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado during years 2021-2022. The results showed that there were 910 laboring mothers including 214 laboring mothers with severe preeclampsia. The chi-square test obtained p-values of<0.05 for the relationships between risk factors namely age, history of preeclampsia, and history of hypertension with the incidence of severe preeclampsia, meanwhile, p-values of>0.05 for the relationships between risk factors namely parity, education, and number of ANC with the incidence of severe preeclampsia. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between risk factors namely age, history of preeclampsia, history of hypertension with the incidence of severe preeclampsia, however, there was no significant relationship between risk factors namely parity, education, number of antenatal care with the incidence of severe preeclampsia at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado period 2021-2022. Keywords: severe preeclampsia; risk factors Abstrak: Preeklampsia berat adalah komplikasi yang terjadi pada kehamilan serta persalinan dan merupakan kondisi lanjutan dari preeklampsia yang tidak ditangani dengan tepat. Preeklampsia biasanya terjadi setelah 20 minggu kehamilan ditandai dengan peningkatan tekanan darah dan proteinuria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor risiko meliputi usia, paritas, pendidikan, jumlah antenatal care (ANC), riwayat preeklampsia, riwayat hipertensi dengan kejadian preeklampsia berat. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah seluruh ibu bersalin yang dirawat dan memiliki data rekam medis lengkap di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode 2021-2022. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 910 ibu bersalin, diantaranya 214 ibu bersalin dengan preeklampsia berat. Hasil uji chi- square menunjukan nilai p<0,05 untuk hubungan antara faktor risiko usia, riwayat preeklampsia, dan riwayat hipertensi dengan kejadian preeklampsia berat, dan nilai p>0,05 untuk hubungan antara faktor risiko paritas, pendidikan, jumlah ANC dengan kejadian preeklampsia berat. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara faktor risiko usia, riwayat preeklampsia, dan riwayat hipertensi dengan kejadian preeklampsia berat namun tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara faktor risiko paritas, pendidikan, jumlah antenatal care dengan kejadian preeklampsia berat di RSUP Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode 2021–2022. Kata kunci: preeklampsia berat; faktor risiko