Solar photovoltaics adoption and its impacts on energy consumption: evidence from Japanese households

This study provides an in-depth analysis of solar photovoltaics (PV) adoption behavior in Japanese households using data from a five-year survey spanning 2014–2020. Through logistic regression, we investigate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, energy-saving behavior, and solar radiation and solar PV adoption. Furthermore, this work examines behavioral differences between households with and without solar PVs, focusing on the rebound effect in electricity consumption and spillover effects in the adoption of related technologies and other energy consumption patterns. Our findings reveal that larger households, residents of newly constructed, detached homes, and those with higher solar radiation exposure are more inclined to adopt solar PV systems. Conversely, lower-income households are less inclined towards solar PV installation, with little impact from energy-saving behaviors. The findings suggest a possible rebound effect, as solar PV households tend to use more electricity than non-PV households, while showing reduced reliance on other energy sources except gasoline. These households benefit from reduced total electricity costs by selling back excess solar-generated power. We also identify potential spillover effects in related technology adoption. This study sheds light on the complex dynamics of solar PV adoption and its broader impact on household energy behavior, providing valuable insights for promoting sustainable energy solutions.