The Abbasid Caliphs: Their Role in the Development of Islamic Politics and Culture

Objective: This study aims to analyze the role of the Abbasid caliphs in the development of Islamic politics and culture, focusing on their major achievements and challenges that contributed to shaping the course of Islamic civilization. Theoretical Framework: This research seeks to analyze the pivotal roles played by the Abbasid caliphs in the development of Islamic politics and the promotion of culture, by reviewing the major achievements of the Abbasid state, shedding light on the circumstances that contributed to their achievement, and discussing the challenges that those achievements faced. Method: The research used the descriptive and historical approach to study the impact of Abbasid policies on political stability and the unity of the Islamic nation, as well as the contributions of the caliphs to promoting science and arts. Results and Discussion: By analyzing important political events and decisions, the conclusions were reached that the Abbasid caliphs contributed to establishing a strong political system, contributed to the advancement of science and arts by establishing scientific centers, and promoted religious thought and cultural heritage, with a noticeable influence of Persian and Turkish thought in the development of Islamic culture. Research Implications: The research will also review the lessons learned from this important period to understand the path of Islamic civilization and its global influence. Originality/Value: They contributed to establishing an efficient system of centralized administration, as well as raised its role in the cultural and scientific developing in the Islamic world to a higher level.