Legal Framework, Information Technologies, and Economic Impact In Agricultural Sciences: a Digital Transformation Approach

Objective: This study analyzes the intersection of digital transformation, legal frameworks, and economic impact in agriculture. It aims to identify regulatory gaps, assess economic disparities in technology adoption, and propose policy recommendations for a balanced and inclusive digital transition in the sector. Theoretical Framework: The research is grounded in digital agriculture, regulatory governance, and economic development theories. It explores how artificial intelligence, IoT, big data, and blockchain influence productivity, sustainability, and market dynamics. Additionally, it examines legal frameworks affecting data ownership, intellectual property, and cross-border trade. Method: A mixed-methods approach was used, combining a systematic literature review, stakeholder surveys, expert interviews, and case study analysis. Quantitative data from economic reports and technology adoption surveys were analyzed using statistical methods, while qualitative data from interviews and case studies were examined through thematic analysis. Results and Discussion: Findings indicate that while digital agriculture enhances efficiency and resource optimization, regulatory inconsistencies create barriers to widespread adoption. Small and medium-sized farms struggle with financial constraints, limiting their access to advanced technologies. Case studies reveal that regions with clear legal frameworks and financial support exhibit higher digital adoption rates and economic benefits. Research Implications: This study highlights the need for harmonized policies that ensure equitable access to digital tools, protect data rights, and foster sustainable agricultural practices. Policymakers must address disparities to prevent further marginalization of small farmers. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the discourse on agricultural digitalization by integrating legal, economic, and technological perspectives. It provides actionable insights for governments, agribusinesses, and researchers to develop inclusive and resilient agricultural policies.