Abstract B100: Dietary Intervention in Melanoma Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Abstract The goal of the proposal is to determine how dietary intervention modulates gut microbiome and immune, proteomic, and metabolomic changes in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-treated melanoma patients. There is ample evidence that diet represents a major regulator of the gut microbiome. To uncover the mechanism used by specific diet interventions to modulate gut microbiome composition, immune, proteomic, and metabolomic changes we have designed the first prospective dietary intervention clinical trial with high-fermented food diet followed by high-fiber supplementation in melanoma patients treated with ICI. We hypothesize that dietary interventions with high-fermented food and high-fiber supplementation will promote intestinal microbial signatures that may enhance antitumor immunity through immune, proteomic, and metabolomic changes to potential clinical response and occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The study aims are: 1) Longitudinally assess gut microbial signatures upon sequential high-fermented food and high-fiber supplementation in ICI-treated cancer patients. We hypothesize that diet modification will distinctly modulate gut microbial diversity and function. 2) To assess whether high-fermented food and high-fiber supplementation will exert distinct immunological, proteomic, and metabolomic effects in ICI-treated cancer patients. We will also assess the association between gut microbiome diversity and occurrence and frequency of irAEs. In summary, the proposed study will improve our understanding of how specific adjuvant dietary interventions can shape the human gut microbiome and modulate anti-tumor immunity in ICI-treated melanoma patients. Citation Format: Khvaramze Shaverdashvili. Dietary Intervention in Melanoma Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR IO Conference: Discovery and Innovation in Cancer Immunology: Revolutionizing Treatment through Immunotherapy; 2025 Feb 23-26; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2025;13(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B100.