MELANOMA E NOVAS FRONTEIRAS TERAPÊUTICAS: UMA REVISÃO ATUALIZADA

Melanoma is the most aggressive and lethal form of skin cancer, with its global incidence increasing significantly over the past five decades. Key risk factors include genetic predisposition and environmental exposure, with ultraviolet (UV) radiation being the most significant modifiable factor. Therapeutic strategies vary according to the disease stage, ranging from surgical excision—considered the gold standard for early lesions—to more complex approaches such as immunotherapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and combined regimens. Surgical excision with appropriate safety margins is essential to prevent recurrence, while in advanced stages, surgery often serves a palliative role. In recent years, the introduction of adjuvant therapies, including immunotherapies and BRAF and MEK inhibitors, has revolutionized melanoma management, significantly improving survival rates and quality of life. Additionally, the use of radiotherapy in selected cases and the development of emergent therapies broaden the treatment landscape.