RAD-Seq-derived SSR markers: a new paradigm for genetic analysis and construction of genetically improved production populations in Pinus koraiensis

The utilization of RAD-seq technology enables the development of SSR markers and the screening of polymorphic primers, thereby providing a robust tool for research pertaining to genetic diversity analysis and the identification of germplasm in Pinus koraiensis. The plus tree population in Xiaobeihu exhibits a considerable degree of genetic diversity, with no notable genetic differentiation. The construction of production populations via the developed SSR markers in combination with cone production from plus trees results in a reasonable population size and a mating system, thereby providing a scientific basis and technical support for the evaluation of Pinus koraiensis germplasm resources and advanced-generation improvement efforts. Furthermore, this study provides a reference and guidance for the development and application of SSR markers in other tree species.