Gravitational Waves and Gravitational Lensing According to Particle Based Gravity

This paper builds on the discovery that the Newtonian constant <I>G </I>is not a universal constant of nature, but rather increases in the vicinity of a mass. As measured at the Earth surface the variation is very small and applies over a limited distance, though in galactic systems the variation of <I>G</I> can be large and can apply over long distances. The variability of <I>G</I> is generally obscured by incorrect spectral shift measurements of the rotation speed of stars around the center of gravity. For the case of the Milky Way this was clearly shown by data based on the third Gaia satellite data release. Correction of the measurements by gravitational spectrum shift has led to a new interpretation of galactic rotation curves without the need to introduce dark matter in the galactic system. The reason why <I>G</I> can and does vary is studied in the current paper. A possible mechanism is provided by a modified particle based theory of gravity, which is compatible with the general theory of gravity. By applying geometry to the paths of the particles it is analyzed whether this theory can explain the increase of <I>G</I> in the vicinity of a mass. In the same way it is studied whether this theory can accommodate the detection of gravitational waves and the principle of gravitational lensing. The analyses make use of the basic features of particle based gravity only, and do not need any ad-hoc assumptions.