Optimising heat transfer efficiency in unsteady Maxwell hybrid nanofluid flow for solar energy

In solar thermal applications, hybrid nanofluids revolutionise heat transfer by pushing the boundaries of sustainable energy innovation. Incorporating unsteady parameters enhances the understanding of dynamic thermal processes. The novelty of the current investigation is to scrutinise the impact of unsteady flow dynamics on radiative Maxwell hybrid nanofluid flow (Fe3O4-Graphene/Ethylene Glycol) across an inclined surface at a slope pi/4. Relationship between physical parameters and heat transmission are assessed by Pearson correlation coefficients. The similarity transformation technique lowers the governing nonlinear equation's order, and the ODE Analyzer is subsequently employed to solve the problem numerically. Flow patterns for stable and unsteady cases are evaluated using streamlines to strengthen the novelty of the current work. In the case of suction, the unsteady parameter heat transfer rate for hybrid nanofluid is 18.78%, while 28.48% for injection. This study paves the way for sustainable energy through advancements in hybrid solar technology.