The Impact of Climate Change on Shifting Cultivation Systems: Challenges and Adaptation Strategies

Shifting cultivation is a traditional agricultural practice that has sustained rural and indigenous communities for centuries. However, the increasing impact of climate change, including rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events, has significantly threatened its sustainability. This study employs a systematic literature review to analyze the vulnerabilities of shifting cultivation systems, their adaptation strategies, and existing policy interventions. The findings indicate that climate change has led to a decline in biodiversity, reduced soil fertility, and increased socio-economic challenges for shifting cultivators. Various adaptation measures, including crop diversification, agroforestry, and soil conservation techniques, have been implemented to mitigate these challenges. However, limited access to financial and technological resources, coupled with restrictive policies, continues to hinder adaptation efforts. This study highlights the critical need for integrated approaches that combine scientific knowledge and traditional agricultural practices to enhance the resilience of shifting cultivation systems. Further research and policy adjustments are essential to ensure sustainable land management practices that support both environmental conservation and food security.