Progress and perspectives in the electrochemical synthesis of carbon nanomaterials

The synthesis of carbon materials traditionally relies on energy-intensive processes that often involve high-temperature treatments of carbon-rich precursors derived from fossil fuels. These methods pose significant environmental challenges, making it imperative to develop more sustainable and cost-effective alternatives. Recent advances in electrochemical synthesis offer a promising pathway for the production of carbon nanomaterials using milder conditions and renewable feedstock, such as biomass and small organic molecules. Inspired by the current surge in interest in the C–C coupling reactions in the electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction, researchers have begun to explore the potential of electrochemical methods for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials. This comprehensive review consolidates key findings in electrochemical carbon science, focusing on methodologies such as electrochemical functionalization, graphite exfoliation, molten salt-assisted carbonization, and the electrochemical conversion of small organic molecules. By highlighting the synergistic potential between electrochemistry and carbon science, this review aims to provide new insights and a foundational framework for advancing sustainable carbon nanomaterial synthesis, contributing to the development of future renewable energy technologies.