Fodanj (Mentha Piperita): Clinical applications in medicine and beyond

Background: Fodanj (Mentha Piperita), commonly known as peppermint, is a hybrid species of Mentha aquatica and Mentha spicata from the Lamiaceae family. It is widely cultivated for its medicinal, culinary and aromatic properties. Traditionally, it has been used for respiratory, gastrointestinal and dermatological conditions. Objectives: This study aims to explore the botanical characteristics, chemical composition, pharmacological properties and clinical applications of Mentha Piperita, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, compiling data from various scientific sources, Unani medical texts and pharmacological studies. The study analyses the botanical description, active constituents and therapeutic effects of peppermint, along with its historical and modern uses. Results: Fodanj contains essential oils rich in menthol, menthone, and flavonoids, which contribute to its diverse medicinal properties. It exhibits antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic activities. Studies have demonstrated its efficacy in managing digestive disorders, respiratory conditions, skin ailments and neurological functions. Peppermint is also effective in treating nausea, menstrual irregularities and liver dysfunction.