INTERVENÇÕES PSICOLÓGICAS PARA REDUÇÃO DO ESTRESSE EM PACIENTES CARDIOPATAS CIRÚRGICOS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Abstract Hospitalization for heart surgeries is a stressful experience that can negatively impact the mental health of patients. Psychological interventions have been used to minimize stress and improve the quality of life for surgical cardiac patients. The general objective of this study was to identify the psychological interventions used to reduce stress in patients undergoing heart surgeries. This is an Integrative Literature Review (ILR). Data collection took place between October 2024 and January 2025, using the databases SciELO, PubMed, BVSPSI (Virtual Library of Psychology), PePSIC (Electronic Journals in Psychology), and BDTD (Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations). The descriptors and boolean operators used were: "psychological interventions" AND "stress" AND "cardiac patients" AND "surgery." Initially, 55 studies were collected. After a critical reading of titles and abstracts, 10 articles were selected for full reading, and 5 were included in the final sample. The results showed that the main interventions were psychoeducation, progressive muscle relaxation, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and individual and group emotional support. The interventions provided significant reductions in stress levels and improvements in psychological well-being. The analysis of the selected articles revealed that CBT, the multiprofessional health education intervention, and the biopsychosocial approach are effective strategies. Additionally, understanding and validating the emotions of patients during procedures are crucial for adequate psychological support. This study emphasizes the importance of implementing specific psychological approaches for cardiac patients, highlighting the need for further research with standardized methodologies and long-term follow-up. Keywords: Stress; Heart surgery; Psychological interventions; Mental health.