Assessment of circularity in the agri-food sector: Adapting the material circularity index to the olive oil production

• Measuring circularity in agri-food chains in complex due to their peculiarities. • We adapted the Material Circularity Index to agro-food chains and biogeochemical cycles. • Cascade cycles and valorization of by-products have been included. • A three-scenarios case study based on olive oil production has been proposed. • Modified MCI demonstrated to overcome the limitations of the original version.