Prospects for the administration of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative urology.

Introduction. In recent decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) isolated from them have become of particular interest in the field of regenerative medicine. The latter mediate the paracrine action of MSCs, causing anti-inflammatory, proangiogenic, immunomodulatory, antifibrotic effects in damaged tissues/structures/organs. The aim. To study experimental preclinical studies on the use of MSC-EVs in urology. Materials and methods. When searching the medical databases Pubmed, Scolar for the use of MSC-EVs in kidney damage, 8 preclinical studies were found, 2 preclinical studies were found on the stricture model, 3 publications were found on the stress urinary incontinence model, 2 publications were found for damage to the bladder mucosa of various etiologies. Results. The effect of MSC-EVs, comparable to MSCs themselves, is well reflected in a wide array of preclinical studies devoted to the study of the use of MSCEVs in models of various diseases. The use of MSC-EVs seems very promising, including in connection with the possibility of overcoming such problems of cell therapy as immunogenicity and oncogenicity. The described therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs attracts attention in the field of regenerative urology, where their effect was considered in models of kidney damage, strictures of the urethra, ureter, stress urinary incontinence, radiation cystitis. Conclusions. In connection with the obtained results, the relevance of further study of the therapeutic possibilities of MSC-EVs in regenerative urology is beyond doubt. The issues of dosage and the most effective route and method of MSC-EVs administration remain to be further studied.