Epidemiological investigation of depressive disorders in healthcare workers throughout 12 years in the governorate of Sousse, Tunisia

<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Background</h3> Depressive disorders are a major global health challenge and are projected to become a leading cause of disability by 2030. <h3>Aims</h3> Examine the epidemiological characteristics of depressive disorders among healthcare workers and identify key associated risk factors. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Regional Health Directorate of Sousse, focusing on healthcare workers on long-term sick leave (LTSL) due to depressive disorders from 2010 to 2021. Data were collected from medical and administrative records and a questionnaire covering socio-professional and medical information. Diagnoses were based on DSM-5 criteria. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26. <h3>Results</h3> Among 650 healthcare workers studied, 12.8 % were diagnosed with depressive disorders. Of these, 13 % reported work-related conflicts, 3.5 % had exposure to severe infectious diseases before COVID-19, and 17 % had direct contact with COVID-19 patients. Additionally, 71.4 % of participants with depressive disorders presented with anxiety, and 50 % had moderate depression. Significant associations (p < 0.05) were found between disorder severity and occupational exposures, medical history, and the impact of COVID-19. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Depressive disorders among healthcare workers are a pressing public health issue, with occupational factors like work-related conflicts and exposure to infectious diseases identified as key risk factors. Addressing these issues through psychological support programs and workplace interventions is essential to safeguard the mental well-being of healthcare workers and ensure the sustainability of healthcare services.