Freight network optimization for intercontinental long route with mixed time windows and multiple aircraft types- China-Africa case study

<h2>Abstract</h2> Optimizing the intercontinental air cargo network is essential to improve day-to-day operations, reduce costs, and increase efficiency. This study aims to improve the traditional manual routing approach by systematically exploring all potential transit points within the network and considering different aircraft types. It develops a cross-border route optimization model for all-cargo and passenger-to-freighter aircraft (PTF) dispatch. The model first addresses the cross-border optimization challenge by combining time windows and multiple aircraft types departing from domestic hubs and transiting through overseas hubs. Secondly, we propose a hybrid heuristic algorithm that uses actual operational data to generate optimal route schemes for different aircraft types operating between China and Africa. Finally, through comprehensive evaluation, the feasibility and effectiveness of the model and algorithm in adapting to cargo fluctuations, loading capacity, and route selection differences are confirmed. The results show significant cost reductions and operational efficiency improvements compared to traditional methods. This optimization framework has been successfully implemented in a domestic air cargo operator, providing important support for managing cargo volume fluctuations across various aircraft types.