Socio-economic factors and traditional communities development: a meta-analysis in the context of non-timber forest product

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are essential for rural livelihoods in temperate and tropical regions. This study investigates the socio-economic factors influencing communities managing these resources through a systematic review of 3442 articles, selecting 21 with relevant data for meta-analysis. Using binary logistic regression, the study examines the relationship between NTFP dependence and variables such as gender, age, family size, education, forest conservation, public policies, social organization, marketing channels, and income. The findings highlight the significant influence of gender, age, public policies, social organization, income, and forest conservation. Notably, socio-economic improvement occurs regardless of NTFP dependence. To ensure sustainable development, strategies should focus on increasing social awareness, mechanizing resource extraction, providing financial incentives for research and training, ensuring stable market conditions, and implementing conservation-focused public policies. These measures will support traditional communities