Evaluation of Larvicidal Activity of Homoeopathic Formulations Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera-Culicidae)

Mosquito-borne diseases, including dengue fever, Zika, and chikungunya, present significant public health challenges, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Aedes aegypti, the primary vector for these diseases, necessitates effective control methods. Traditional mosquito control approaches face issues like resistance development and environmental harm, prompting the search for safer alternatives. This study evaluates the larvicidal activity of homeopathic formulations with six plant-based components: Azadirachta indica, Camphor, Eucalyptus globulus, Ocimum sanctum, Areca catechu, and Nigella sativa. Three formulations were tested: Formulation 1 (equal proportions of all extracts), Formulation 2 (higher proportions of Azadirachta indica and Areca catechu), and Formulation 3 (only Azadirachta indica and Areca catechu). Larvicidal efficacy was assessed using late third to early fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, with ethanol as a vehicle control. Results showed significant larvicidal activity for all formulations, with Formulation 2 exhibiting the highest efficacy (LC50: 85.57 µg/ml, LC90: 261.52 µg/ml). Statistical analysis confirmed the potency of Formulation 2, highlighting its potential as a natural insecticide. The study underscores the promise of plant-based homeopathic formulations as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic insecticides, aiming to reduce environmental impact and mitigate resistance development. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202468