Comprehensive material and performance evaluation of small BLDC motors for UAV efficiency

Rising environmental concerns and regulatory pressures have intensified the demand for advanced emission control technologies for engines. Catalytic converters coated with Fe and Zn offer significant potential for reducing emissions, while enhancing engine efficiency. However, the understanding of the performance dynamics of such systems under various conditions remains a research gap. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Fe- and Zn-coated zeolite catalytic converters on the performance and emission characteristics of engines. The engine was experimentally tested under different load conditions, and key parameters such as the torque, temperature, current, and voltage were analyzed. The motor's performance was modeled and validated against experimental data, with torque values converted to ensure unit consistency (e.g., the peak torque was updated to 41.67 N·mm at 11,880 RPM) The results demonstrated that the Fe and Zn coatings improved the catalytic activity, reduced emissions by up to 25%, and enhanced the torque and mechanical power output. The experimental findings closely aligned with the model predictions, confirming the reliability of the proposed system. These findings underscore the viability of Fe and Zn coatings for improving engine performance and emission control. Future research should focus on optimizing coating materials and testing their durability under real-world operating conditions.