The Impact of INFUSE A Novel Biomaterial in Periodontal Regeneration—A Review of Literature

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are critical bone regeneration and repair regulators, offering promising alternatives to traditional autogenous bone grafts. Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) derived from human origin has emerged as a significant osteoinductive agent capable of inducing the mesenchymal stem cells to convert into osteoblasts, thus promoting the formation of bone. The FDAapproved rhBMP-2/ACS (absorbable collagen sponge) combination demonstrates efficacy in spinal fusion, sinus augmentation, and alveolar ridge augmentation. Mechanistically, BMP-2 induces endochondral and intramembranous bone formation through specific receptor-mediated signalling pathways, activating Smad proteins and subsequent gene regulation. In dental applications, rhBMP-2 enhances the success of implants, supports periodontal regeneration, and optimizes bone regeneration outcomes. Despite its benefits, challenges include high costs, technique sensitivity, and risks of ectopic bone formation and inflammation. Clinical trials and studies continue to validate its efficacy across various orthopedic and maxillofacial applications, emphasizing its role in optimizing bone healing while reducing the need for additional surgical interventions. This review explores the mechanisms, benefits, limitations, and clinical applications of rhBMP-2 in bone regeneration, highlighting its impact on advancing dental and orthopedic therapeutic strategies.