Exploring the Link Between Neuropathy and Foot Ulcers in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Introduction: This study examines middle-aged individuals (mean age 56.4 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), focusing on demographic factors and their links to complications. Chronic hyperglycemia and genetic predisposition significantly contribute to disease progression.Aim: The study aims to assess baseline characteristics, evaluate neuropathy severity using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), investigate autonomic dysfunction, and explore correlations between these factors.Method: A cohort of 300 participants was evaluated for demographic and clinical variables, including MNSI scores, Wagner ulcer classification, and autonomic function tests such as heart rate variability (HRV), Valsalva ratio, postural hypotension, heart rate response to deep breathing, and sympathetic skin response. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to analyze variable relationships.Results: Participants exhibited moderate neuropathy (mean MNSI score: 7.2) and predominantly Grade 2 or 3 ulcers (60%). Autonomic tests revealed reduced HRV (30.2), impaired Valsalva ratio (1.21), diminished parasympathetic activity (heart rate response: 14.5), and widespread sympathetic dysfunction (95%). Significant correlations included: advanced age with higher MNSI scores (p < 0.05), prolonged diabetes duration with higher Wagner grades (p < 0.05), and reduced HRV and parasympathetic activity with higher MNSI scores (p < 0.01).Conclusion: The interplay between demographic factors, clinical variables, and autonomic dysfunction influences neuropathy and DFU severity in T2DM. Targeted interventions are essential for managing complications and improving diabetic foot care. How to cite this article:Naganandini R. Exploring the Link Between Neuropathy and Foot Ulcers in Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):96-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202465