Enhancing Recognition Memory in Virtual Memory Palaces Using Worlds-in-Miniature

The memory palace, a mnemonic technique from ancient Greece, remains widely used for memory competitions and learning. This study introduces a procedurally generated virtual memory palace combined with the Worlds-in-Miniature (WIM) interface in virtual reality. WIM enhances spatial perception by providing a miniaturized visualization of the memory palace and enabling instant movement between locations. Focusing on recognition memory, an experiment with 40 participants was conducted to measure memory performance under conditions with and without the WIM interface. Each participant memorized 30 target images within a procedurally generated memory palace and completed a recognition task distinguishing targets from non-targets. Data included immediate recognition performance and follow-up assessments at 7 and 14 days to evaluate long-term retention. The results showed that the WIM interface significantly improved recognition memory, particularly among participants with lower initial success rates. By providing spatial structuring, WIM facilitated stronger memory associations, leading to enhanced recall accuracy and sustained long-term retention. This method demonstrates the potential of VR memory palaces as effective tools for supporting memorization-based learning in education and training contexts.