Ethical and organizational dynamics of non-standard work in public administration: challenges and opportunities in the digital era

Purpose This study explores the ethical and organizational challenges associated with non-standard work arrangements in public administration (PA), focusing on the implications of digital transformation and its alignment with public sector values. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative methodology with a deductive approach was employed, grounded in deontological ethics, utilitarian ethics and psychological contract theory. Data collection included 39 semi-structured interviews with public managers in the Italian PA, supplemented by focus groups and secondary data analysis. Findings The study identifies critical challenges in managing atypical workers, such as job insecurity, wage disparities, privacy concerns and unequal treatment. These challenges are exacerbated by the use of digital platforms, which intensify power imbalances, raise ethical concerns and undermine trust in public institutions. Practical implications The research offers actionable strategies, including enhancing job security through clear contract mechanisms, addressing wage disparities with equitable compensation structures, strengthening privacy protections and fostering inclusivity by integrating non-standard workers into organizational processes. Balancing operational efficiency with ethical responsibilities is essential to preserving public trust and institutional legitimacy. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by addressing underexplored ethical challenges of non-standard work in PA, extending established ethical frameworks to a public sector context. It highlights the role of digital platforms in reshaping work arrangements and provides a comprehensive framework for ethical workforce management practices.