Spatiotemporal Patterns in Production and Consumption of Major Foods in Qinghai, China

Food security is an important foundation of national security. Since China entered a new era in 2012, the supply of agricultural and animal husbandry products in Qinghai has continuously enhanced. However, the implementation of ecological policies such as Grain for Green and Grassland Ecological Compensation restricted the cultivation and grazing areas. At the same time, with the improvement in living standards and food consumption demand of local residents, the contradiction between human beings and land has become increasingly prominent. It is necessary to analyze the balance between food supply and demand to evaluate food security. This study used supply-demand analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis based on county-level statistical data on production and consumption collected through random sampling surveys to reveal the characteristics of the production and consumption of the main food types in Qinghai during 2012-2022 as well as to analyze the food self-sufficiency changes and their spatial clustering features. The results showed that the regions with higher grain and meat production in Qinghai were concentrated in the northeast in the past decade, while the regions with higher consumption were mainly in the counties with larger populations. At the county level, grain could not achieve self-sufficiency, except in northeastern Qinghai; meat was self-sufficient in most counties. Through regional allocation, Qinghai had achieved grain and meat self-sufficiency at the provincial level. The self-sufficiency of grain and meat showed obvious clustering, with high-value clusters of grain self-sufficiency and low-value clusters of meat both distributed in the provincial capital and surrounding areas, which were related to the adjustment of urban residents' dietary structure from staple foods to diversified foods. This study provides a scientific basis for decision makers when adjusting the agricultural and animal husbandry structure as well as the dietary structure of residents to ensure food security and the sustainable utilization of land resources.