Prediction of the Remaining Useful Life of Lithium–Ion Batteries Based on Mode Decomposition and ED-LSTM

The prediction of remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium–ion batteries is key to the reliability assessment of batteries and affects safe application of batteries. This article introduces a CEEMDAN-RF-MHA-ED-LSTM method. Using CEEMDAN, the battery capacity data were decomposed to obtain intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), and the weight of each IMF was obtained via the random forest (RF) algorithm. The LSTM neural network was used, the encoder–decoder (ED) structure was introduced, the multi-head attention (MHA) mechanism was used to construct a network model, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to optimize the model parameters. Each IMF was input into the model, and the obtained forecast results were weighted and reconstructed to obtain the final forecast data. This method was validated on the battery dataset released by NASA. Compared with that of the single LSTM model, the mean absolute error of the proposed method decreases by 74%, 62%, 71%, and 55% on the No. 05, 06, 07, and 18th battery datasets, respectively. The root mean square error decreased by 72%, 59%, 70%, and 54%, and the mean absolute percent error decreased by 75%, 65%, 71%, and 58%, respectively. This method can accurately predict battery RUL.