Design and Synthesis of Self-Supported Water-Splitting Transition Metal-Based Electrocatalysts via Electrospinning

Recent advances in transition metal-based electrocatalysts have significantly enhanced the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrocatalysis. Self-supported electrodes, where active sites are directly integrated with substrates, offer superior kinetics and stability compared to traditional powder-based electrocatalysts. The electrospinning technique is particularly effective for fabricating self-supported electrocatalysts with high surface areas, porosity, and uniform distribution of active sites, leading to improved catalytic performance. Despite extensive research on self-supported electrocatalysts, a comprehensive review focusing on those developed via electrospinning remains scarce. This review provides a detailed overview of the electrospinning process, the fundamental principles of water electrocatalysis, and recent progress in the development of transition metal-based electrocatalysts fabricated through this approach.