A Dual-Method Examination of Nursing Students’ Teamwork in Simulation-Based Learning: Combining CORDTRA and Ordered Network Analysis to Reveal Patterns and Dynamics

This study examines nursing students’ teamwork during a simulated pediatric scenario by combining Chronologically Ordered Representations of Discourse and Tool-Related Activity (CORDTRA) with Ordered Network Analysis (ONA). CORDTRA revealed each dyad's progression and critical moments during the scenario, while ONA illustrated how roles were divided. Our findings show that patient and parent interactions, education, and assessments were typically shared between students, whereas technical tasks such as dosage calculations were led by one student with support from the other. These findings highlight the nuanced ways in which manikin-based simulations foster essential teamwork skills, such as communication, task delegation, and problem-solving. This study highlights the methodological benefit of integrating CORDTRA and ONA to capture both temporal and relational dynamics, along with the practical implication that targeted feedback and debriefing informed by these approaches can enhance nursing students’ individual and team performance, and by extension their practice readiness.