Residue class biases in unrestricted partitions, partitions into distinct parts, and overpartitions

We prove specific biases in the number of occurrences of parts belonging to two different residue classes <i>a</i> and <i>b</i>, modulo a fixed nonnegative integer <i>m</i>, for the sets of unrestricted partitions, partitions into distinct parts, and overpartitions. These biases follow from inequalities for residue-weighted partition functions for the respective sets of partitions. We also establish asymptotic formulas for the numbers of partitions of size <i>n</i> that belong to these sets of partitions and have a symmetric residue class bias (i.e., for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), as <i>n</i> tends to infinity.

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Publication Details

Journal
Research in the Mathematical Sciences
Published
2025-02-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40687-025-00502-0
Primary Topic
Mathematical Approximation and Integration
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Residue class biases in unrestricted partitions, partitions into distinct parts, and overpartitions

Nian Hong Zhou, Michael J. Schlosser
Research in the Mathematical Sciences
Mathematical Approximation and Integration
article

Residue class biases in unrestricted partitions, partitions into distinct parts, and overpartitions

Nian Hong Zhou, Michael J. Schlosser
article en

Abstract

We prove specific biases in the number of occurrences of parts belonging to two different residue classes <i>a</i> and <i>b</i>, modulo a fixed nonnegative integer <i>m</i>, for the sets of unrestricted partitions, partitions into distinct parts, and overpartitions. These biases follow from inequalities for residue-weighted partition functions for the respective sets of partitions. We also establish asymptotic formulas for the numbers of partitions of size <i>n</i> that belong to these sets of partitions and have a symmetric residue class bias (i.e., for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), as <i>n</i> tends to infinity.

Research in the Mathematical SciencesVol. 12(1)
University of Vienna (AT), Guangxi Normal University (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Austrian Science Fund, Universität Wien
Reduced inequalities
Openalex Percentile: Top 94%
Mathematical Approximation and Integration
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Residue class biases in unrestricted partitions, partitions into distinct parts, and overpartitions — Nian Hong Zhou, Michael J. Schlosser · Research in the Mathematical Sciences (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS