The changing land pattern, environment, and livelihood conditions for flower cultivation in Godkhali, Jashore, Bangladesh

The rapid population growth in the Godkhali region has led to increased agricultural pressure, particularly in flower cultivation. This study examines the environmental impact of flower farming, land-use changes, and its implications for local livelihoods. Understanding these effects is crucial for promoting sustainable agricultural practices while balancing economic and environmental concerns. The research aims to assess the environmental consequences of flower cultivation in Godkhali, Jhikargachha. Specific objectives include analyzing its impact on soil properties, water resources, and pesticide use while evaluating the role of environmental awareness among local farmers. 300 small-scale flower growers were randomly selected from three unions; namely, Godkhali, Panisara, and Navaron. Data collection methods included structured field visits, and interviews using closed-ended questionnaires, observations, and checklists. Additionally, expert consultations and desk research supplemented primary data to provide a comprehensive analysis. The findings indicate that intensive flower cultivation affects soil fertility, water consumption, and pesticide application, leading to environmental degradation. Key agricultural processes such as land preparation, fertilization, irrigation, pest control, post-harvest handling, and transportation contribute to ecological changes. Moreover, limited awareness of sustainable farming practices among growers exacerbates environmental challenges. To mitigate the negative environmental effects of flower farming, increased awareness programs and capacity-building initiatives are necessary. Strengthening policies that enforce environmental standards and providing incentives for compliance with sustainability guidelines are recommended. Collaboration between government bodies, private sector stakeholders, and donors can facilitate the adoption of eco-friendly agricultural practices, ensuring long-term environmental and economic sustainability in the region. This study underscores the need for an enabling policy framework to promote sustainable flower farming while safeguarding the environment. The findings can inform policymakers, agricultural experts, and local farmers about effective strategies for balancing agricultural productivity with environmental conservation.