Synchrotron computed tomography of 5000 years old faience beads from Southeastern Anatolia (Türkiye)

This article highlights the use of synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT) in examining the production technology of two faience beads dating to 3000 BCE (5000 BP). Through one blue and one green colored sample, we discuss the competence of the ID10-BEATS beamline at SESAME (Jordan) for non-invasive analysis of archaeological objects. We present different protocols for the examination of silica-based objects with sub-cm size using SXCT. The results validate the cementation technique for the production of tiny beads (≤ 1 cm). The application of high-resolution 3D imaging, in combination with X-ray phase-contrast enhancement, allows for the non-invasive characterization of faience production, which opens a venue for broader discussions on ancient technology and technological knowledge transfer among ancient communities in Southwest Asia. • Faience beads dated to 3000 BCE (5000 BP) were analyzed with synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT). • SXCT revealed the production technique of ancient faience as cementation. • SXCT’s non-invasive nature makes it favorable for analyzing unique archaeological objects.