Exploration of Body Image Perception and Nutritional Imbalances in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Mixed Methodology

Background: Breast cancer remains a significant global health concern, with chemotherapy being a cornerstone of treatment. Despite its efficacy, chemotherapy imposes profound physical and psychological challenges on patients, including nutritional imbalances and body image disturbances. These challenges impact the overall quality of life and treatment adherence, underscoring the need for comprehensive care approaches. Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore perceived body image disturbances among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, assess their nutritional status, and to determine the association between nutritional imbalances and selected sociodemographic variables. Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating qualitative phenomenological and quantitative descriptive designs. Sixty breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, were purposively and conveniently sampled. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with five participants were thematically analysed, while quantitative data from 55 patients were collected using the 7-point Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) tool and analysed using SPSS. Results: The study categorised the impact of chemotherapy into themes: physical effects, emotional and psychological effects, support systems, and adaptation and lifestyle changes. It also revealed that 80% of patients were well-nourished, 20% were mildly to moderately malnourished, and none were severely underweight, indicating a generally good nutritional status among participants. Sociodemographic variables such as age and residence influenced nutritional status, but marital status, education, and occupation showed no significant association. Conclusion: The study highlights the critical role of holistic nursing care, integrating nutritional assessments and psychological support, to address the multifaceted challenges of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Comprehensive care protocols can improve patient outcomes and enhance their quality of life.