Navigating Challenges: Psychosocial Adjustment and Self-Efficacy Among Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Background of the study: Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients face considerable challenges that affect their psychosocial well-being and self-efficacy. The diagnosis and treatment often result in emotional distress, body image changes, and social isolation. Psychosocial adjustment involves coping with these challenges, while self-efficacy reflects a patient's confidence in managing their health and treatment. Understanding the interaction between these aspects is essential for developing effective support strategies to enhance the quality of life, treatment adherence, and resilience in patients. Materials and Methods This study employed a non-experimental descriptive research design with 60 participants selected through a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Tools included socio-demographic and clinical data questionnaires, a psychosocial adjustment scale, and a self-efficacy scale. Results Among the participants, 25% showed excellent psychosocial adjustment, 41.7% had good to moderate adjustment, 20% displayed poor adjustment, and 13.3% exhibited very poor adjustment. Regarding self-efficacy, 16.7% reported low levels, 41.7% had moderate levels, and 41.7% demonstrated high levels. A moderate negative correlation between psychosocial adjustment and self-efficacy was identified, indicating that lower adjustment is associated with reduced self-efficacy. Factors such as age, gender, metastasis, functional status, and comorbidities significantly influenced outcomes. Conclusion Addressing psychosocial challenges and fostering self-efficacy in HNC patients can improve their quality of life and treatment outcomes. Comprehensive support strategies, including counseling and education, are essential for promoting resilience and better health trajectories.