Molecular predictor in chronic lymphocytic diseases

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is an oncogenic replication of B cells that causes adenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly in Caucasian individuals, usually in the seventh decade of life. In a simple blood count, it is possible to assess a lymphocytosis above 5x103/dL of blasts circulating in the medullary environment in a proliferative manner, allowing the haematologist to predict a case of haematological neoplasia; however, it is only with immunophenotyping that the progression of the disease is assessed, visualising the cellular components, such as proteins, enzymes and chromosomes, which are prognostic factors for this patient. The study sought to systematise review articles and clinical trials that answered the question raised: what is the relationship between immunophenotyping, and the prognosis of patients diagnosed with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia? Using a 6-year retrospective (2019 to 2024), finally tabulating the answers in a demonstrative table. Among the main answers, we highlight that, through immunophenotyping, it is possible to analyse the phenotype of the CLL patient, identify the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), associating the CLL haematological neoplasm classified as NK, deletions 11q23 or 17 in fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), thus allowing us to track the cytological markers that impact on the good/bad prognosis of leukaemia. The greatest benefit obtained by immunophenotyping is the possibility of assessing the disease at a biomolecular level.