New energy efficient management approach for wireless sensor networks in target tracking using Vortex Search Algorithm

<h2>Abstract</h2> With the advancement of technology, the use of sensor nodes in mobile target-tracking applications is increasing day by day. However, the design of wireless sensor networks faces constraints such as energy consumption, processing power, memory, environmental dimensions, number of sensor nodes, and bandwidth. Among these constraints, energy consumption is particularly important because wireless sensor networks are composed of low-power sensors. In this article, a new method is introduced to optimize energy consumption in wireless sensor networks for mobile target-tracking applications. The proposed method consists of two stages. In the first stage, the path and position of the target are determined using the Vortex Search Algorithm. In the second stage, the transfer of data related to the target's movement between sensor nodes and the sink, and the adjustment of the sleep/awake period of sensor nodes, are performed. The performance of this method is compared and evaluated with the Tracking-45-Degree-Vectors method in the OPNET simulator in terms of energy consumption, data transmission delay, media access delay, throughput, signal-to-noise ratio, and packet error rate. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the Tracking-45-Degree-Vectors method in mobile target tracking.