Genetic structure and designing a preliminary core collection of <i>Zizania latifolia</i> in China based on 12 microsatellites markers

The genetic diversity and structure of wild crop relatives are crucial for their conservation and utilization in breeding programs. This study presents a comprehensive survey and collection of <i>Zizania latifolia</i> across its natural distribution range in China. Using 12 microsatellite markers, the genetic diversity of 357 wild <i>Z. latifolia</i> accessions from 25 populations was evaluated, revealing a high genetic diversity (<i>H</i> _e = 0.439). The genetic structure analysis indicated significant genetic differentiation among populations, with evidence of isolation by distance. CoreHunter3 and PowerMarker software were employed to design a preliminary core collection, and the final core collection comprised 92 wild accessions. The core collection was found to be representative of the original germplasm, ensuring the effective conservation of <i>Z. latifolia</i>'s genetic resources. This study would provide valuable insights for the development of conservation strategies and the utilization of <i>Z. latifolia</i>.