Design and validation of a scale for assessing farmers' climate resilience management

Scaling is the process of systematically assigning numerical values to varying degrees of attitudes, opinions, or other measurable concepts to facilitate comparison and analysis. This study aimed to construct a reliable and valid scale to measure the climate resilience management level of farmers. The scale was developed using the standard methodology suggested by Likert (1932), following a step-by-step procedure for scale construction and standardization. The key steps included the identification and selection of statements, collection and editing of items, selection of judges, relevancy testing, item analysis, and testing of reliability and validity. Initially, 44 statements were selected and sent to 150 experts for evaluation of their relevancy via email, Google Forms, and personal distribution. Based on responses from 92 experts received within the stipulated time, a total of 41 statements were shortlisted for item analysis. Statements with a relevancy weightage of ≥ 0.75 were considered for the item analysis, including the calculation of the