Progress and exploration of applications in continuous helical micro/nanofiber materials

<p indent="0mm">In recent years, continuous helical micro/nanofibers have garnered significant attention in the fields of smart materials, bionic design, and precision medicine due to their unique geometric and physicochemical properties. The controllable deformation mechanisms and dynamic response characteristics of these fibers offer a new research perspective for the development of next-generation functional flexible materials and technologies. Electrospinning and microfluidic techniques have emerged as innovative methods for the preparation of continuous helical fibers. Electrospinning leverages electrostatic forces to achieve high aspect ratios and ordered arrangements, while microfluidic technology ensures precise control over helical geometric features through accurate fluid manipulation. Together, these two technologies have significantly advanced the functionalization and diversification of applications for continuous helical micro/nanofibers. This paper systematically reviews the key mechanisms and influencing factors of both techniques in the preparation of helical fibers, introduces their applications in biomedicine, environmental remediation, and intelligent sensing, and finally discusses the current challenges and future development prospects in the field.