Optimization of Photovoltaic Wind Energy Systems in Coastal Cities in Humid Subtropical Climate Zones

In the context of the global energy transition, the layout of photovoltaic and wind energy systems (centralized or distributed) directly affects their energy efficiency and economic efficiency. As a typical city in the subtropical humid climate zone, Brisbane has abundant solar and wind energy resources, and its distribution characteristics and climate conditions provide diverse choices for the layout of the energy system. This paper mainly studies the applicability of centralized and distributed photovoltaic wind energy systems based on climate and energy efficiency indicators, aiming to provide a scientific basis for energy system design under different conditions. Research methods include modeling and simulation analysis based on Brisbane meteorological data, combined with genetic algorithms to optimize PV panel inclination and wind turbine arrangement, and design key decision indicators such as climate conditions (such as solar radiation, seasonal changes in wind speed), land use and energy output efficiency. The energy efficiency performance of different layouts is evaluated to determine the optimal option for selecting a centralized or distributed system. The study shows that distributed systems have a higher cost-benefit ratio, while centralized systems excel in energy output.