Advances in Improving Graphene Properties based on Chemical and Biological Modification Methods

Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial with a single atomic layer, has piqued the interest of materials scientists for its remarkable mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity, and electron mobility. Electronic gadgets, composite materials, energy storage, and biomedicine have all exhibited significant interest in graphene since its initial successful synthesis through mechanical peeling in 2004 due to its unique features. Nevertheless, there are still challenges to using pure graphene due to its poor dispersibility, environmental stability, and electrical characteristics. In recent years, the introduction of specific functional groups or doping elements through chemical and biological modification has become a key method to improve the properties of graphene, including REDOX method, surface functional group modification, and biological macromolecular modification strategies. These modification methods significantly improve the hydrophicity, conductivity and biocompatibility of graphene and broaden its application prospects in flexible electronics, composite materials and energy storage devices. Therefore, the study provides a comprehensive overview of the most important functionalized modification approaches for graphene and assesses the benefits and drawbacks of using them in various industries. Research has shown that rational functional modification of graphene's physical and chemical characteristics can significantly enhance its potential for use in emerging electronic devices and energy storage systems.