Surgical management of a perineal hernia in a 24‐year‐old mare

Summary A rare case of bilateral perineal hernia was reported in a 24‐year‐old Italian Trotter mare. The mare presented a history of chronic weight loss and bilateral perineal swelling. The right‐sided swelling displayed signs of being chronic, while the left side experienced a singular episode of acute perineal swelling, coinciding with signs of colic. Due to concerns regarding potential recurrent colic episodes and the risk of bowel entrapment, the mare was hospitalised to perform a complete clinical and diagnostic assessments, and to establish an appropriate treatment. Based on history, clinical manifestations, results of palpation and ultrasonography, it was determined that the swelling was indicative of bilateral perineal hernia. An initial attempt at surgical correction through appositional herniorrhaphy proved unsuccessful. Subsequently, a novel technique involving the transposition of the semimembranosus muscle was employed as a secondary intervention. This alternative surgical method effectively addressed the issue without any short‐ or long‐term recurrence or complications. In conclusion, perineal hernias should be included in differential diagnoses for perineal swelling in equids. Furthermore, when appositional herniorrhaphy proves ineffective, transposition of the semimembranosus muscle may be considered as a surgical option.