OPTIMIZING THE KNN ALGORITHM FOR CLASSIFYING CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE USING GRIDSEARCHCV

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that impairs kidney function and cannot be cured. Early detection is crucial for effective management and therapy. However, diagnosing CKD is challenging as patients often have comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, or heart disease, which complicate diagnosis and treatment. Accurate classification methods are essential for early detection. K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) is a classification algorithm that groups data based on feature similarity. K-NN is an algorithm that is resistant to outliers, easy to implement, and highly adaptable. It only requires distance calculations between data points and does not involve complex parameters. However, its performance depends on hyperparameters such as the number of neighbors (k), weighting, and distance metric. Incorrect hyperparameter selection can lead to overfitting, underfitting, or reduced accuracy. To address these issues, GridSearchCV is used to optimize KNN by systematically selecting the best hyperparameters, ensuring improved accuracy and reduced overfitting. This optimization enhances the model’s reliability in early CKD detection compared to other methods. This study aims to determine the optimal KNN parameters for CKD classification using GridSearchCV. The results show 8.05% accuracy improvement and reduction in overfitting, with the prediction gap between training and testing decreasing from 6% to only 1.15%. These enhancements contribute to more reliable CKD diagnosis, enabling accurate early detection and better clinical decision-making.