Role of preservation conditions on enrichment and fluidity maintenance of medium to high maturity lacustrine shale oil

In addition to the organic matter type, abundance, thermal maturity, and shale reservoir space, the preservation conditions of source rocks play a key factor in affecting the quantity and quality of retained hydrocarbons in source rocks of lacustrine shale, yet this aspect has received little attention. This paper, based on the case analysis, explores how preservation conditions influence the enrichment of mobile hydrocarbons in shale oil. Research showns that good preservation conditions play three key roles. (1) Ensure the retention of sufficient light hydrocarbons (C 1 –C 13 ), medium hydrocarbons (C 14 –C 25 ) and small molecular aromatics (including 1–2 benzene rings) in the formation, which enhances the fluidity and flow of shale oil; (2) Maintain a high energy field (abnormally high pressure), thus facilitating the maximum outflow of shale oil; (3) Ensure that the retained hydrocarbons have the miscible flow condition of multi-component hydrocarbons (light hydrocarbons, medium hydrocarbons, heavy hydrocarbons, and heteroatomic compounds), so that the heavy hydrocarbons (ΣC 25+ ) and heavy components (non-hydrocarbons and asphaltenes) have improved fluidity and maximum flow capacity. In conclusion, in addition to the advantages of organic matter type, abundance, thermal maturity, and reservoir space, good preservation conditions of shale layers are essential for the formation of economically viable shale oil reservoirs, which should be incorporated into the evaluation criteria of shale oil-rich areas/segments and considered a necessary factor when selecting favorable exploration targets.