Punch syndrome and its relationship with Sports Injuries: A Case Study of Muhammed Ali and the Impact of CTE

The primary goal of the review is to: examine the differences in risk indices among various contact sports, providing a detailed comparison of how these activities expose athletes to varying degrees of physical risk, particularly head trauma; also, this review offers an investigation the symptoms, progression, and long-term effects of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), with a specific focus on punch syndrome, a subtype of CTE commonly observed in athletes who experience repetitive head injuries; insights into possible strategies and interventions to prevent or reduce the impact of CTE are also represented in the review, including the development of improved protective gear, advancements in medical diagnostics, and the implementation of safer training techniques and regulations; this review will also highlight boxers as a group at the highest risk of developing CTE, given the nature of their sport, which involves frequent and forceful blows to the head. The review seeks to shed light on the unique challenges faced by boxers and emphasize the urgency of addressing this issue to protect their health and well-being.