Research on High-Performance Biosensors for Effective Marine Pollution Monitoring

This article expounds that human activities have caused severe marine pollution, and biosensors have become key tools for marine pollution monitoring. It elaborates on their composition, classification, and working principles. It focuses on introducing various sensors and their detection effects in different aspects of marine pollution detection, such as organic pollutants (hydrocarbons, organophosphorus, organic nitrogen compounds), heavy metal ions, microorganisms, and biological toxicity assessment. It also looks forward to the future development of multi-characteristic sensing platforms that can be integrated into various marine platforms to form coastal sensor networks. At the same time, it is necessary to address challenges such as the variability of the marine environment, conduct multi-disciplinary verification, and optimize the quality and performance of sensors. This review found that biosensors are important tools for detecting various marine pollutants, providing effective solutions for marine environmental monitoring and protection. Future advances in sensor technology, multi-characteristic platforms, and artificial intelligence integration will improve their performance and scalability, supporting sustainable marine resource management. However, this study relied on secondary data, which highlights the need for more empirical studies and field tests in different marine habitats to evaluate the actual performance of marine biosensors.