Current Progress of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell Cell Therapy

Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Cancer is the result of the transformation of normal cells into tumor cells in a multi-stage process. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) have emerged as a new approach to cancer treatment. Recent advances in CAR-T therapy include the development of multiple generations of CARs, each of which modifies the CAR receptor to enhance anti-tumor activity. Despite these advances, CAR-T therapy still faces challenges such as antigen escape, where tumors develop resistance through downregulation or loss of target antigens. This review provides an overview of the principles, procedures, and current achievements of CAR-T therapy while highlighting its limitations and potential improvements. It explores strategies to mitigate side effects, improve the safety and efficacy of CARs, and expand the indications of CAR-T therapy to solid tumors. This article aims to provide valuable insights into the current status and future prospects of this transformative cancer treatment.