Systematic analysis on conduction and effects of electric current to and through the human body

In recent years, electricity has become increasingly prevalent in different aspects of peoples life, from communication to industrial production, due to the development of science and technology. As electricity is an integral part of daily life, its risks are frequently overlooked, especially in scenarios involving electrical accidents during production, transmission, and consumption. This paper provides a systematic analysis of the conduction and effects of electric current to and through the human body, emphasizing the potentially life-threatening risks often neglected in daily electricity usage. The study delves into the mechanisms of alternating and direct current conduction, the protective role of skin resistance, as well as a simplified and practical model of current path in the human body. In addition, various types of electrical contact, including step and touch potentials, lightning strikes, contact with conductors, and electric shock drowning, are also examined to highlight their physiological impacts, ranging from minor injuries to fatal outcomes. Lastly, the paper reviews key safety protocols, standards, and protective measures designed to reduce the risk of electrical injuries, underscoring the need for increased public awareness and adherence to safety practices.