Cardiotoxicity in Cancer Immunotherapy: Pathological and Future Directions

Cancer and its complication remain one of the most popular and serious neoplasia disease in the domain of medicine. Although more and more immunotherapies have been developed and put into use, there still exist many unknown issues waiting to be explored in the laboratory and clinical application. Cardiotoxicity is one of the complex side effect of some active immunotherapies and may bring negative treatment issues for patients have heart disease in the past times and those at risk of developing heart disease. This review analyse the pathological manifestations and specific mechanisms of cardiac side effects caused by different tumor immunotherapies are presented, along with existing drug and non drug response measures and patient education. This review find the myocarditis caused by immune inflammation could be the vital relation between immunotherapy and cardiac functions. This study can provide medical direction and patient education reference for future research on the side effects of cancer immunotherapy. However, there is insufficient medical theories of the related effects of the immune system and tumor blood vessels. Future research can focus more on the reaction between some antigen antibody cancer vaccine drugs and the immune system.